Changes in vaginal discharge, itching or an unpleasant smell are very common. In most cases they are caused by one of three conditions: vaginal thrush (a yeast infection), bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. They need different treatment, so it helps to know which one it is.
How the three conditions differ
| Thrush (Candida) | Bacterial vaginosis | Trichomoniasis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Discharge | thick, white, like cottage cheese | thin, grey or white | frothy, yellow-green |
| Smell | usually none | fishy, stronger after sex | often unpleasant |
| Itching, soreness | common | usually none | itching, pain when urinating or during sex |
| Sexually transmitted? | no | no, but linked to sexual activity | yes – the partner also needs treatment |
The symptoms overlap, and many women with bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis have no symptoms at all. That is why guessing from symptoms alone often leads to the wrong treatment.
One swab, three answers
The Testera Vaginal Health Rapid Test detects Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis (bacterial vaginosis) and Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis) antigens from a single vaginal swab. The result is ready in 15 minutes.
Vaginal Health Rapid Test – €7.99 →
The test is marked for professional use: it is intended to be performed by, or under the supervision of, a healthcare professional.
What the test does not detect
Of the three conditions, only trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The test does not detect chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV, syphilis, herpes or HPV. If you are worried about an STI, after unprotected sex or with a new partner, get tested at a clinic or laboratory.
See a doctor if
- you are pregnant or may be pregnant
- you have these symptoms for the first time
- you have a fever, pain in the lower abdomen or bleeding between periods
- the symptoms come back four or more times a year
- the test is positive for trichomoniasis – both partners need treatment
Common questions
Can I treat thrush without seeing a doctor?
Mild thrush can often be treated with medicines from a pharmacy. Ask your pharmacist. If the symptoms do not improve within a week or keep coming back, see a doctor.
Is bacterial vaginosis an STI?
No. It is an imbalance of the normal vaginal bacteria. It is more common after a new partner or douching, but it is not passed on like an STI.
Can trichomoniasis go away on its own?
Usually not. It is treated with prescription antibiotics, and partners should be treated at the same time to avoid reinfection.
Rapid tests are intended for preliminary screening and do not replace a doctor’s consultation.
Sources: NHS, NHS – trichomoniasis