Most sore throats are caused by viruses and get better on their own within a week. A smaller share – about 1 in 3 in children and 1 in 10 in adults – is caused by group A Streptococcus (Strep A). That difference matters: strep throat is treated with antibiotics, a viral sore throat is not.
Signs that point to strep throat
- sudden sore throat and pain when swallowing
- fever above 38 °C
- red, swollen tonsils, sometimes with white spots
- tender, swollen lymph nodes at the front of the neck
- no cough and no runny nose
Signs that point to a virus
- cough, runny or blocked nose
- hoarse voice
- red, watery eyes
- symptoms that build up gradually, together with a cold or flu
If you have a cough and a runny nose, a COVID-19, flu or RSV test is usually the more useful check.
How a Strep A rapid test works
The test detects Strep A antigen in a throat swab. The swab is taken from the tonsils and the back of the throat, and the result is ready in about 5–10 minutes. A positive result means Strep A was detected; a negative result makes strep throat less likely, but a doctor may still test further if symptoms are strong, especially in children.
The Strep A test currently sold is for professional use. A self-test version for home use will be available at the end of November.
See a doctor straight away if
- breathing or swallowing saliva is difficult, or there is drooling
- there is a fine red rash on the body (possible scarlet fever)
- severe pain is on one side of the throat or you cannot open your mouth fully
- high fever lasts longer than 2–3 days, or a child is very drowsy
Common questions
Is strep throat contagious?
Yes. It spreads through droplets and close contact. After 12–24 hours of antibiotic treatment a person is usually no longer contagious.
Can I take antibiotics without a test?
No. Antibiotics do not help viral sore throats, and unnecessary use increases antibiotic resistance. A positive test and a doctor's decision come first.
Rapid tests are intended for preliminary screening and do not replace a doctor's consultation.